Research suggests that there is a complex and relationship between diabetes and the microbiome—the collection of microorganisms that live in and on our bodies, particularly in the gut. While the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood, several factors contribute to the connection.
The gut microbial composition -
People with diabetes often exhibit differences in the composition of their gut microbiota compared to those without diabetes. These differences can include alterations in the diversity and abundance of certain bacterial species.
Metabolic effects -
The gut microbiota also plays a role in energy extraction and metabolism. Some bacteria in the gut have the ability to break down dietary components, such as complex carbohydrates, into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can affect energy balance and insulin sensitivity. Changes in the gut microbiome can influence the production and availability of SCFAs, potentially impacting glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Basically, the quality of your gut can impact how the food you eat is transformed into the energy you need to work, play, and live your life.
Inflammation and immune response-
Interestingly, imbalances in the gut microbiome have been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. Certain bacterial species can also trigger inflammatory responses in the gut, leading to systemic inflammation that can interfere with insulin signaling, and which could contribute to insulin resistance.
Gut barrier function -
The gut lining acts as a barrier, selectively allowing the absorption of nutrients while preventing the passage of harmful substances into the bloodstream. Disruptions (such as a tear or break) in the gut microbiome can compromise the integrity of the gut barrier, leading to increased permeability (known as leaky gut). This allows bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), to enter the bloodstream and trigger an immune response, potentially promoting inflammation and insulin resistance.
Hormonal regulation -
Another way in which diabetes and the microbiome a linked is hormonal regulation. Hunger signalling hormones leptin and ghrelin are found in the delicate microbiome. The gut microbiota can influence the production and regulation of these and other various hormones, including those involved in appetite control, glucose metabolism, and insulin regulation. Dysregulation of these hormonal signals can contribute to the development and progression of diabetes. Feeling hungry all the time? It might be a sign that your hunger hormones are imbalanced.
Clearly, a link exists between the integrity of the gut and metabolism, which is why we developed Weight Balance. If this article has triggered any "aha" moments, check it out on the product page.
As always, it's important to note that while there is evidence of a link between the microbiome and diabetes, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and to determine the clinical implications. Modifying the gut microbiome through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary changes may hold promise for improving metabolic health and managing diabetes, but further investigation is necessary to establish their efficacy and safety. If you have diabetes or are concerned about your gut health, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
- Gut microbiota in patients with obesity and metabolic disorders - a systematic review, 15 Aug 2022
- Gut Microbiota Composition in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies, 29 Jan 2022